For railway operations worldwide, train rear-endcollision accidents occasionally occur, resulting in heavy casualtiesand property loss. To avoid the occurrence of such incidents, anovel early warning method of train tracking interval based oncentralized traffic control (CTC), or simply CTC interval prewarning,is proposed. When combined with the existing automatictrain protection (ATP), the monitoring of train tracking intervalis doubled. The proposed method calculates the minimum safetyinterval in real time and compares it with the actual spatial distance.When the actual spatial distance is less than the minimum

safety interval, particularly when the ATP is at fault, the proposedmethod is capable of raising the alert and taking control measuresto effectively avoid rear-end collision accidents. At the same time,this method displaces the manual supervision of train operation,thereby relieving labor intensity, and improves the effectivenessof supervision. This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibilityof the proposed CTC interval prewarning method and explainsthe basic architecture of the system, data acquisition, trackinginterval calculation, prewarning rules, and implementation. TheCTC tracking interval calculation model has been established, andthe table of warning distance of the different train speeds hasbeen calculated. The reliability model of the train control system(TCS) has been established based on the CTC interval prewarningmethod, which is used to analyze the reliability and safety ofthe TCS.

Requirement Analysis

Hardware Requirement
Microcontroller, Ultrasonic Sensor, Metal Sensor, Buzzer, GPS, Zigbee, Motor Driver,Motor

Software Requirement
Embedded C Programming, Arduino IDE / Keil 3 Micro Vision

This piece of code reads the data of an ultrasonic sensor and sends to microcontroller, the microcontroller reads the data and takes the corresponding action.

Void ultrasonic1()
{
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
cm = microsecondsToCentimeters(duration);
Serial.print(cm);
}

In the below code void loop() function, ESP8266 will check that if the data is arrived or not. If the data is arrived then it will read this data and will show it on the serial monitor and also will move the cloud according to this data.

void loop()
{
while(1)
{
Ultrasonicsesnor1();
delay(500);
ubiSave_value(String(variable_den), String(cm));
delay(sleep_time*10);
Serial.println();
}
}

Frauds attacking the automated teller machine has increased over the decade, which has motivated us to use the biometrics for personal identification to procure high level of security and accuracy This paper describes a system that replaces the ATM cards and PINs by the physiological biometric fingerprint and iris authentication. Moreover, the feature of one time password (OTP) imparts privacy to the users and emancipates him/her from recalling PINs. Additionally the system provides protection to the ATM terminal from fire and thief attacks by making provisions of the pump motor and a DC motor for rolling the shutter. In this system during enrolment the genuine user's fingerprint and iris samples of are retained in the database. The process of a transaction begins by capturing and matching fingerprints and iris patterns. The system will automatically distinguish between real, legitimate trait and fake samples. A GSM module connected to the ARM7 LPC2148 will message a 3-digit code generated by the system to the registered mobile number. After the valid OTP is entered, the user can either withdraw or deposit cash or check his/her balance. In any kind of fake access attempts the account is blocked. In this paper the experimental results are obtained on the data set of fingerprint and iris in real time using fingerprint module with a minutiae matching algorithm and a GUI based of Circular Hough Transform respectively.

Requirement Analysis

Hardware Requirement
Microcontroller (Arduino), Finger-Print Module, LCD display, GSM module, DC motor, Power supply, Buzzer

Software Requirement Arduino, Embedded C

This study presents management of the data that aretaken from the home appliances which are in the field testprocess. Field test process means collecting the data from thedevice by sensors, the measurement from environment, thenevaluation of this information. This information depends on

climate, altitude, user profile etc. Major application area of thisstudy is home appliances sets and their domestic field testprocess. Also, this smart approach can be applied to any systemincluding any electrical equipment in smart grid. Only 2different requirements should be covered. (i) Device Under Test

(DUT) should work with the specialized test box to send workingcondition data and environmental measurements. (ii) GSMnetwork should be alive in field test location. This study shows anew smart approach which relies on sending the field test dataand environmental conditions over the GSM. The selectionreason of GSM communication protocol in this study is thecoverage percentage of this protocol is wider than others.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Hardware Requirement

Microcontroller(Raspberry Pi / Ardunio / Node MCU), Temperature Sensor, Humidity Sensor, Fire Sensor, Gas sensor, Door lock Module, Pressure Sensor, GSM

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Arduino / python, IoT

Allowing users and managers of existing buildingsto benefit from non intrusive Internet of Things (IoT) integrationis a great asset. IoT integration opens a plethora of new servicessuch as lighting and power-consumption management, indoorlocation-based services, surveillance etc. In this paper we showhow a DC lighting grid can be combined with wireless componentsto facilitate the deployment of routers/sensors and actuatorspowered by the DC lighting grid. These control devices can beplaced wherever in the building and communicate with the otherdevices in the network, wirelessly or via the PowerLAN availableon the DC grid. For organizing communications with the wirelessautonomous sensors and actuators, lightweight network stacks,including application layers based on CoAP or MQTT, are deployed.

Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is a device that is used to count ballot and record votes instead of doing it manually using human resource to record and count votes. The many problems associated with manual counting of votes that it laborious, erroneous and time consuming. This makes the entire system very inefficient. As voting is a sensitive issue, mismanagement can lead to issues as large and complicated as political unrest. The debilitating effect that political unrest can eventually lead to needs no describing. Bangladesh, being a developing nation cannot afford to be held up in its economic development due to mis-management in elections. On the other hand, for a power starved nation like Bangladesh, the gap between demand and supply of electricity remains large. A good majority of the people are deprived of this basic facility. Over dependency on electronic devices for sensitive purposes might not seem like a viable option either. However, renewable energy based systems can be the solution to tackling such crisis. A solar powered EVM addresses all the above concerns. This paper discusses in detail the design of a solar powered EVM prototype which is efficient and allows the user a relief from the laborious act of vote collection and counting. Furthermore, it also removes the errors from the system, since it is a digital device. One of the biggest concerns of EVM is the security system which includes insider threats, network vulnerability and challenges to auditing.To limit these issues the prototype has been developed with a three stage security encryption.

Requirement Analysis

Hardware Requirement
Microcontroller, Buzzer , KEYPAD, Lcd display

Software Requirement
Keil software,Embedded c

A Web controlled and partially autonomous vehicle system is presented in this paper. It highlights the idea to develop a remote controlled car which can be driven from anywhere using the Internet over a secured server. This car will also have limited automation features like traffic light detection, obstacle avoidance system and lane detection system so that it can drive itself safely in case of connectivity failure. The main goal here is to minimize the risk of human life and ensure highest safety during driving. At the same time the car will assure comfort and convenience to the controller. A miniature car including the above features has been developed which showed optimum performance in a simulated environment. The system mainly consists of a Raspberry Pi, an Arduino, aPicamera, a sonar module, a Web interface and Internet modem. The Raspberry Pi was mainly used in the Computer Vision algorithms and for streaming video through the Internet. The proposed system is very cheap and very efficient in terms of automation.

Requirement Analysis

Hardware Requirement
Raspberry Pi, Ultrasonic Sensor, IR Sensor, Motor, Motor Driver, Camera

Software Requirement
Python, Matlab, Linux OS, IoT

Internet of Things is an emerging technology having the ability to change the way we live. In IoT vision, each and every 'thing' has the ability of talking to each other that brings the idea of Internet of Everything in reality. Numerous IoT services can make our daily life easier, smarter, and even safer. Using IoT in designing some special services can make a lifesaver system. In this paper, we have presented an IoT enabled approach that can provide emergency communication and location tracking services in a remote car that meets an unfortunate accident or any other emergency situation. Immediately after an accident or an emergency, the system either starts automatically or may be triggered manually. Depending upon type of emergency (police and security, fire and rescue, medical, or civil) it initiates communication and shares critical information e.g. location information, a set of relevant images taken from prefixed angles etc. with appropriate server/authority. Provision of interactive real-time multimedia communication, real-time location tracking, etc. have also been integrated into the proposed system to monitor the exact condition in real-time basis. The system prototype has been designed with Raspberry Pi 3 Model B and UMTS-HSDPA communication protocol.

Requirement Analysis:
Hardware Requirement

Microcontroller, LCD display, Accident Sensor, GPS module, Wi-Fi Module,Buzzer,Power supply unit

Software Requirement

C - Language, IoT, Python, HTML

Home automation means controlling of home functions and features automatically and sometimes remotely using one or more computers. An automated home is also called as a smart home. Speech based home automation uses human voice commands to operate the electrical appliances in the home. It is very useful for human beings, especially for elderly and physically handicapped people. In this paper, we present the implementation details of two schemes for speech based home automation and control. The first scheme uses the Bluetooth technology for controlling of electrical appliances when we are at home. It uses a HC-05 Bluetooth module and Arduino Bluetooth controller mobile application for switching on or off the appliances. The second scheme uses GSM/GPRS technology for controlling the electrical appliances. The developed system also alerts the user about any intrusion into the house when we are away from the home. This system is implemented on ARM11 Raspberry Pi microcontroller board. Python integrated development environment (IDE) is used for developing the necessary software. Relays and bulbs are used as load to demonstrate the working of the prototype system. Home automation system gives accessibility, comfort, energy efficiency, security by providing control and monitoring of appliances, security surveillance.Home automation (also known as demotics) refers to the automatic and electronic control of household features, activity and appliances. The electrical switch boards located in different rooms of our home make it difficult for the members in the home, especially, the elderly and physically handicapped to operate them. Speech based home automation gives us access to control devices in our home by giving speech commands using a mobile phone remotely. Inclusion of security surveillance in a home automation system (HAS) by using web cameras and relevant sensors helps to monitor intrusion into the house by thieves or strangers.

Requirement Analysis

Hardware Requirement
Raspberry Pi, GSM Modem,Bluetooth Module,Relay module,PIR Sensor,USB Web Camera

Software Requirement Python IDE

Embedded controlled sensor network is the technology used to implement environmental solutions effectively. Many researchers have been making attempts to develop the embedded controlled sensor network. The existing systems are bulky, very costly and difficult to maintain. The proposed system is cost effective and controlled by user friendly embedded systems. In the proposed system ARM based microcontroller and wireless sensors are used to control the various devices and to monitor the information regarding the environment using Zig bee and GSM technologies.

Requirement Analysis

Hardware Requirement ARM7, TEMPERATURE SENSOR, HUMIDTY SENSOR, LDR, FIRE SENSOR, LIGHT, FAN, ZIGBEE, GSM

Software Requirement EMBEDDED C PROGRAMMING, KEIL 3 MICRO VISION. FLASH MAGIC

Aim at the environment for the lack of power, thepaper adopts S3C6410 to design emergency remote securitymonitoring and control system based on ARM processor, and introduces detailed hardware structure and software design. Thesystem encodes the video of client by H.264.

Requirement Analysis
Hardware Requirement
Software Requirement

<p>In the developing countries many crimes arehappening at the highways and bridges. In this paper we haveintroduced a security feature which can resist the occurrence ofthose crimes. However, this system is based on RFID (RadioFrequency Identification) technology which replaces thetraditional manual tolling system. In the existing automatedtolling system RFID reader only detects the RFID card to deduct the toll amount according to the vehicle types. In our integratedsystem if the authority wants to block a certain type of vehicle ora specific vehicle, it can be done at the toll booth area. For this, asimple code text is sent to the system using GSM module andthen the vehicle is blocked by not lifting the barrier even afterdeduction of the toll amount from the vehicle owner's prepaidbased account. In addition, this can also be done to block all thevehicles at the toll booth area in the bridges in case of emergency. </p>

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Hardware Requirement

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Arduino/Python

Under industry 4.0, Internet of Things (IoT), especially radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, has been widely applied in manufacturing environment. This technology can bring convenience to production control and production transparency. Meanwhile, it generates increasing production data that are sometimes discrete, uncorrelated, and hard-to-use. Thus, an efficient analysis method is needed to utilize the invaluable data. This work provides an RFID-based production data analysis method for production control in IoT-enabled smart job-shops. The physical configuration and operation logic of IoT-enabledsmart job-shop production are firstly described. Based on that, an RFID-based production data model is built to formalize and correlate the heterogeneous production data. Then, an eventdriven RFID-based production data analysis method is proposed to construct the RFID events and judge the process command execution. Furthermore, a near big data approach is used to excavate hidden information and knowledge from the historical production data. A demonstrative case is studied to verify the feasibility of the proposed model and methods. It is expected that our work will provide a different insight into the RFID based production data analysis.

In line with the mainstream technological innovations the emerging IoT technology aims at improving the quality of life of general masses and the efficiency of the civic amenities in a sustainable fashion while optimising economic investments by private and public sector. The IoT applications can be found in various vital fields such as: energy, health, transportation, environment, etc. Millions of application in all these fields can work optimally if there is a strong interconnection among IoT enabled devices [1]. Interconnection among IoT enabled devices via communication channels and protocols is not only a simple technological subject matter but it interests also other characteristics such as privacy, standardization, legal issues, etc. [2]. This unsurprisingly induces newer innovative challenges in IoT environment, which inspires industrial and academics researchers to go further in IoT sustainability research [3]. Confidently, the technological interfacing and communications among the IoT enabled devices (things) is essential to empower the IoT environment [4]. This is the reason why few vital functions will be performed by few key technological components and techniques, which have evolved to guarantee interconnection among heterogeneous devices adapting to the usage of very less supplies in terms of both computational time, memory, functionalities and energy resources.

Internet of things is one of the rapidly growing fields for delivering social and economic benefits for emerging and developing economy. The field of IOT is expanding its wings in all the domains like medical, industrial, transportation, education, mining, etc. Now-a-days with the advancement in integrated on chip computers like Arduino, Raspberry pi the technology is reaching the ground level with its application in agriculture and aquaculture. Water quality is a critical factor while culturing aquatic organisms. It mainly depends on several parameters like dissolved oxygen, ammonia, pH, temperature, salt, nitrates, carbonates etc. The quality of water is monitored continuously with the help of sensors to ensure growth and survival of aquatic life. The sensed data is transferred to the aqua farmer mobile through cloud. As a result, preventive measures can be taken in time to minimize the losses and increase the productivity.

This paper presents Smart Home concepts for Internet of Things (IoT) technologies that will make life at home more convenient. In this paper, we first describe the overall design of a low-cost Smart Refrigerator built with Raspberry Pi. Next, we explain two sensors controlling each camera, which are hooked up to our Rasberry Pi board. We further show how the user can use the Graphical User Interface (GUI) to interact with our system. With this Smart Home and Internet of Things technology, a user-friendly graphical user interface, prompt data synchronization among multiple devices, and real-time actual images captured from the refrigerator, our system can easily assist a family to reduce food waste.

This paper describes an automated attendance management system that can be employed at professional gatherings of different types (conferences, exhibitions, training courses, etc.) and scales (from small-to-medium seminars and workshops to large congresses and technical shows). The system is based on application of RFID, mobile communication and IT technologies. It is capable of collecting, recording and processing data on participants of a technical gathering and their activities,attendance or different sessions, visiting different exhibition booths, etc. The system can also generate real-time combineddetail reports on attendance, inflow and outflow of the participants during the event, their most and least preferred interests and activities, etc. This can be done for a multitude of locations and premises, and during an extended period of time.

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a measure ofvariation in the time interval between consecutive heart beats. HRVanalysis is highly sensitive for risks linked with Cardiovasculardisease, Diabetic Mellitus, disease states associated with AutonomicDysrhythmia such as Hypertension and a large array of chronic degenerative medical condition. Sensitivity of HRV towards variousmedical condition accounts for its increased usage by doctors as adiagnostic, prognostic tool and to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment offered. Often borderline hypertensive patients with andwithout history of a cardiac event are subjected to stroke as well ascardiac mortality at high risk. Monitoring of HRV parameters forsuch cases of high risk will prove useful in providing adequatemedical care at needed times. In this paper, the authors propose alow-cost and easy to use Remote HRV Monitoring System based onthe Internet of Things (IoT) technology for borderline Hypertensivepatients. In the proposed system, HRV parameters are derivedusing Wireless Zigbee based pulse sensor. Arduino transmits patientdata to server using MQTT protocol. The application server collectsHRV data and plots graphs. In case of an emergency situation, thecare taker and doctor are intimated through Short Message Service(SMS) for providing adequate medical help. While there arecurrently no HRV analysis systems that alerts at times of high risk for hypertensive patients along with the aid of a remote doctor, theproposed system aims at achieving the same. The proposed systemcombines the dual benefits of Zigbee and WiFi technology. By doing so, it successfully fulfils all the ideal traits of a remote healthmonitoring system in terms of low-cost, long range, security,promptness and easy-to-use that serves in saving lives.

Since the effective and efficient system of water quality monitoring (WQM) are critical implementation for the issue of polluted water globally, with increasing in the development of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment, real time water quality monitoring is remotely monitored by means of real-time data acquisition, transmission and processing. This paper presents are configurable smart sensor interface device for water quality monitoring system in an IoT environment. The smart WQM system consists of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)design board, sensors,Zigbee based wireless communication module and personal computer (PC). The FPGA board is the core component of the proposed system and it is programmed in very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language(VHDL) and C programming language using Quart us II software and Qsys tool. The proposed WQM system collects the five parameters of water data such as water pH, water level,turbidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) on the surface of water and water temperature in parallel and in real time basis with high speed from multiple different sensor nodes.

The world of control is an exciting field that has exploded with new technologies where the Internet of Things(IoT) vision becomes reality. This paper proposes a multiple motion controlling mechanism of a robotic car using RaspberryPi which works as master and Arduino UNO which works as slave. Each device is uniquely identifiable by the controlling software which is the core concept of IoT. Client manages the activities of the car from remote or distant places over the internet by voice commands and Universal Windows Application and also able to get data and feedback. The main contribution of this paper is that it leverages the efficiency of robot’s motion controlling system because robotic car can receive direct commands at a time from multiple sources which make them aneuvering system more efficient. Both device and client do not need to be online at the same time. Commands and data are stored in cloud service which delivers them when the device is ready to receive. A GPS system is incorporated thus clients can trace the car. The system has ultrasonic distance sensor for avoiding obstacles coming in between its path. We present the architecture and design of the Raspberry Pi and Arduino communication software and illustrate how to control the car by means of commands and application.

The main objective of this project is to design solution for over coming the parking issues that exist in public places such as malls, multiplexes etc, especially on weekends. The aim is to achieve this by using the concept of Internet of Things(IoT), wherein an android application is created for the customer, whose details are constantly updated by the hardware / server at the location, the feature include unique identification for each vehicle, display of available parking slots on the mobile application, possibility of making reservations for the same, maintenance of a database (for the management)

Internet of Things (loT) is a world-wide network connecting all the smart objects together. It is the way in which au things are enabled to talk with each other. Whenever those smart things being connected over internet are restricted to only vehicles, then it is called as Internet of Vehicles (loT). With continuously increasing urban population and rapidly expanding cities, vehicle ownership has been increasing at an exponential rate. Hence, traffic management has become a great problem in our day today life. This paper provides 10 V based traffic management solution to over come the problem that is prevailing in our daily life.

The development of remote control technology has grown rapidly along with the development of communication technology nowadays. The simplest communication technology available is by using GSM protocol. In this paper, a prototype of electric appliance control tool via SMS by using GSM is proposed. GSM protocol was chosen because it does not depend on mobile devices’ platform. GSM SIM 900 and Arduino for controlling a relay module were utilized here.Relay module worked in accordance with orders given through SMS and the mobile device then received the feedback of the command. For testing purpose, ten (10) different types of input string as a command control was proceed. Relay worked according to orders sent from the input string submitted and feedback messages from the command given previously was provided.

The Fish owners of the pet fish are usually distressed when they are away from home environment because they could not feed the fish on time. Both reasons, food starvation and overfeeding risk the health of fish and leads to poor water quality in indoor fish tanks. Thus monitoring the fish feeder is of great importance which can be very beneficial for the fish owners. This work is aimed to design a fish feeder system using microcontroller and Raspberry Pi based web application to relax the distressed fish owners in feeding their fish on time. This system is designed to overcome the problem of fish dying due to fish feeder malfunction. With this design, the fish owner can monitor the fish tank for correct functioning of the fish feeder.Also, the user can set schedules for feeding the fish through the web application.

With the progress and development of national economy as well as power system, reliability and safety issues of power system have been more important. Development of distribution Transformer Health Monitoring System (THMS)has been done in that reason. Distribution transformer is the most vital asset in any electrical distribution network and therefore it needs special care and attention. This THMS can monitor the health status of the distribution transformer in real time aspect. As a large number of transformers are distributed over a wide area in present electric systems, it’s difficult to monitor the condition manually of every single transformer. So automatic data acquisition and transformer condition monitoring has been an important issue. This project presents design and implementation of a mobile embedded system to monitor load currents, over voltage, transformer oil level and oil temperature. The implementation on-line monitoring system integrates Global Service Mobile (GSM) Modem, with single chip microcontroller and sensors. It is installed at the distribution transformer site. The output values of sensors are processed and recorded in the system memory. System programmed with some predefined instructions to check abnormal conditions. If there is any abnormality on the system, the GSM module will send SMS(Short Message Service) messages to designated mobile telephones containing information about the abnormality according to the aforesaid predefined instructions. This mobile system will help the utilities to optimally utilize transformers and identify problems before any catastrophic failure occurs. This system will be an advanced step to the automation by diminishing human dependency. As it is a wireless communicating system,there is no need of large cables which are of high cost. Thus THMS offers a more improved transformer monitoring.

This paper discusses the concept of a smart wearable device for little children. The major advantage of this wearable over other wearable is that it can be used in any cellphone and doesn't necessarily require an expensive smartphone and not a very tech savvy individual to operate. The purpose of this device is to help parents locate their children with ease. At the moment there are many wearables in the market which help track the daily activity of children and also help find the child using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth services present on the device.But Wi-Fi and Bluetooth appear to be an unreliable medium of communication between the parent and child. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to have an SMS text enabled communication medium between the child's wearable and the parent as the environment for GSM mobile communication is almost present everywhere. The parent can send a text with specific keywords such as "LOCATION" "TEMPERATURE" "UV" "SOS""BUZZ", etc., the wearable device will reply back with a text containing the real time accurate location of the child which upon tapping will provide directions to the child's location on google maps app and will also provide the surrounding temperature, UV radiation index so that the parents can keep track if the temperature or UV radiation is not suitable for the child. The prime motivation behind this paper is that we know how important technology is in our lives but it can sometimes can't be trusted, and we always need to have a secondary measure at hand.The secondary measure used in this project is the people present in the surrounding of the child who could instantly react for the child's safety till the parents arrive or they could contact the parents and help locate them. The secondary measure implemented was using a bright SOS Light and distress alarm buzzer present on the wearable device which when activated by the parents via SMS text should display the SOS signal brightly and sound an alarm which a bystander can easily spot as a sign of distress. Hence this paper aims at providing parents with a sense of security for their child in today's time.

Falls can result in physical and psychologicaltrauma, especially for the elderly. In order to improve the qualityof life of these patients this work presents the development of a falldetection and body positioning with a heart rate monitoringsystem. This system consists of the sensing equipment, gatewayand a real-time patient monitoring structure. The sensing deviceobtains information from accelerometers and gyroscope and sendsthem to the gateway via ZigBee technology, which makes theprocessing of the data and sends them to the cloud. The currentpatient body position and temperature sensing are providedthrough a web platform and Android application. The body,walking and falls position were respectively satisfactory in 100%,90% and 60% of cases during tests at the laboratory. We conclude that our current proposal achieved the goal of patient fall detectionwith a corporal temperature monitoring using a low cost budgetimplementation.

Under industry 4.0, Internet of Things (IoT), especially radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, has been widely applied in manufacturing environment. This technology can bring convenience to production control and production transparency. Meanwhile, it generates increasing production data that are sometimes discrete, uncorrelated, and hard-to-use. Thus, an efficient analysis method is needed to utilize the invaluable data. This work provides an RFID-based production data analysis method for production control in IoT--shops. The physical configuration and operation logic of IoT--shop production are firstly described. Based on that, an RFID-based production data model is built to formalize and correlate the heterogeneous production data. Then, an eventdriven RFID-based production data analysis method is proposed to construct the RFID events and judge the process command execution. Furthermore, a near big data approach is used to excavate hidden information and knowledge from the historical production data. A demonstrative case is studied to verify the feasibility of the proposed model and methods. It is expected that our work will provide a different insight into the RFID based production data analysis.

Pattern recognition and Gesture recognition are the growing fields of research. Being a significant part in non verbal communication hand gestures are playing vital role in our daily life. Hand Gesture recognition system provides us an innovative, natural, user friendly way of interaction with the computer which is more familiar to the human beings. Gesture Recognition has a wide area of application including human machine interaction, sign language, immersive game technology etc. By keeping in mind the similarities of human hand shape with four fingers and one thumb, this paper aims to present a real time system for hand gesture recognition on the basis of detection of some meaningful shape based features like orientation, centre of mass (centroid), status of fingers, thumb in terms of  raised or folded fingers of hand and their respective location in image. The approach introduced in this paper is totally depending on the shape parameters of the hand gesture. It does not consider any other mean of hand gesture recognition like skin color, texture because these image based features are extremely variant to different light conditions and other influences. To implement this approach we have utilized a simple web cam which is working on 20 fps with 7 mega pixel intensity. On having the input sequence of images through web cam it uses some pre-processing steps for removal of background noise and employs K-means clustering for segmenting the hand object from rest of the background, so that only segmented significant cluster or hand object is to be processed in order to calculate shape based features. This simple shape based approach to hand gesture recognition can identify around 45 different gestures on the bases of 5 bit binary string resulted as the output of this algorithm. This proposed implemented algorithm has been tested over 450 images and it gives approximate recognition rate of 94%.

This paper introduces the intelligent home appliance control system, the system is developed through ARM microprocessor, embedded Linux operating system, ZigBee wireless communication technology and network technology. It gives the overall framework of hardware and software design, and describes ways to implement the system. User can control appliances through hand-held mobile terminal.

The new era of Web and Internet of Things(IoT)paradigm is being enabled bythe proliferation of various devices like RFIDs, sensors, and actuators. mart devices(devices having significant computational capabilities, transforming them to ‘smart things’)are embedded in the environment to monitor and collect ambient information. In a city, this leads to Smart City frameworks. Intelligent services could be offered on top of such information related to any aspect of humans’ activities. A typical example of services offered  in the framework of SmartCities is IoT-enabled waste management. Waste management involves not only the collection of the waste in the field but also the transport and disposal to the appropriate locations. In this paper,we present a comprehensive and thorough survey of ICT-enabled waste management models. Specifically, we focus on the adoption of smart devices as a key enabling technology in contemporary waste management. We report on the strengths and weaknesses of various models to reveal their characteristics. This survey sets up the basis for delivering new models in the domain as it reveals the needs for defining novel frameworks for waste management.

In line with the mainstream technological innovations the emerging IoT technology aims at improving the quality of life of general masses and the efficiency of the civic amenities in a sustainable fashion while optimising economic investments by private and public sector. The IoT applications can be found in various vital fields such as: energy, health, transportation, environment, etc. Millions of application in all these fields can work optimally if there is a strong interconnection among IoT enabled devices [1]. Interconnection among IoT enabled devices via communication channels and protocols is not only a simple technological subject matter but it interests also other characteristics such as privacy, standardization, legal issues, etc. [2]. This unsurprisingly induces newer innovative challenges in IoT environment, which inspires industrial and academics researchers to go further in IoT sustainability research [3]. Confidently, the technological interfacing and communications among the IoT enabled devices (things) is essential to empower the IoT environment [4]. This is the reason why few vital functions will be performed by few key technological components and techniques, which have evolved to guarantee interconnection among heterogeneous devices adapting to the usage of very less supplies in terms of both computational time, memory, functionalities and energy resources.

Internet of things is one of the rapidly growing fields for delivering social and economic benefits for emerging and developing economy. The field of IOT is expanding its wings in all the domains like medical, industrial, transportation, education, mining, etc. Now-a-days with the advancement in integrated on chip computers like Arduino, Raspberry pi the technology is reaching the ground level with its application in agriculture and aquaculture. Water quality is a critical factor while culturing aquatic organisms. It mainly depends on several parameters like dissolved oxygen, ammonia, pH, temperature, salt, nitrates, carbonates etc. The quality of water is monitored continuously with the help of sensors to ensure growth and survival of aquatic life. The sensed data is transferred to the aqua farmer mobile through cloud. As a result, preventive measures can be taken in time to minimize the losses and increase the productivity.

The increasing number of vehicles in high density, urban areas is leading to significant parking space shortages. While systems have been developed to enable visibility into parking space vacancies for drivers, most rely on costly, dedicated sensor devices that require high installation costs. The proliferation of inexpensive Internet of Things (IoT) devices enables the use of compute platforms with integrated cameras that could be used to monitor parking space occupancy. However, even with camera-captured images, manual specification of parking space locations is required before such devices can be used by drivers after device installation. In this paper, we leverage machine learning techniques to develop a method to dynamically identify parking space topologies based on parked vehicle positions. More specifically, we designed and evaluated an occupation detection model to identify vacant parking spaces. We built a prototype implementation of the whole system using a Raspberry Pi and evaluated it on a real-world urban street near the University of Washington campus. The results show that our clustering-based learning technique coupled with our occupation detection pipeline is able to correctly identify parking spaces and determine occupancy without manual specication of parking space locations with an accuracy of 91%. By dynamically aggregating identied parking spaces from multiple IoT devices using Amazon Cloud Services, we demonstrated how a complete, city-wide parking management system can be quickly deployed at low cost.

Home automation means controlling of home functions and features automatically and sometimes remotely using one or more computers. An automated home is also called as a smart home. Speech based home automation uses human voice commands to operate the electrical appliances in the home. It is very useful for human beings, especially for elderly and physically handicapped people. In this paper, we present the implementation details of two schemes for speech based home automation and control. The first scheme uses the Bluetooth technology for controlling of electrical appliances when we are at home. It uses a HC-05 Bluetooth module and Arduino Bluetooth controller mobile application for switching on or off the appliances. The second scheme uses GSM/GPRS technology for controlling the electrical appliances. The developed system also alerts the user about any intrusion into the house when we are away from the home. This system is implemented on ARM11 Raspberry Pi microcontroller board. Python integrated development environment (IDE) is used for developing the necessary software. Relays and bulbs are used as load to demonstrate the working of the prototype system. Home automation system gives accessibility, comfort, energy efficiency, security by providing control and monitoring of appliances, security surveillance. Home automation (also known as demotics) refers to the automatic and electronic control of household features, activity and appliances. The electrical switch boards located in different rooms of our home make it difficult for the members in the home, especially, the elderly and physically handicapped to operate them. Speech based home automation gives us access to control devices in our home by giving speech commands using a mobile phone remotely. Inclusion of security surveillance in a home automation system (HAS) by using web cameras and relevant sensors helps to monitor intrusion into the house by thieves or strangers.

The usage of photovoltaic system has been more and more popular in last decade as the production cost has decreased and people have become more concerned about the enviromnent-friendly energy to use. Therefore, it is important to understand the energy performance resulting from photovoltaic system. The PV power generating system is often includes one or more photovoltaic array, battery bank, power conditioning unit and electrical loads. During the operation of such system, performance parameters of the system components should be carefully monitored and an appropriate decision must be given on time. In addition reliable functioning of the system, monitoring also is necessary for maximizing the yield of energy production of the PV power generating systems. [1]. Many monitoring systems have been designed in order to collect and process such data, as well as monitor the performance of PV or hybrid power systems under operation, during last three decades [2]. Because of the most PV system are installed in around the remote locations where there is restricted access to performance data, many monitoring system have some kind of a remote monitoring ability [3], [4].

The usage of Wireless Sensor Networks has become essentially important in recent years because of their ability to manage real-time data for various novel services. In this paper a novel ZigBee based energy efficient environmental monitoring, alerting and controlling system for agriculture is designed and implemented. This system utilizes an ARM7 processor, various sensors and ZigBee communication module. Sensors gather various physical data from the field in real time and transmit it to the processor and to the end user via ZigBee communication. Then necessary actions are initiated to perform action on behalf of people to reduce or eliminate the need of human labour. A wireless camera is connected to the processor to monitor the activities in real time. The proposed system has been tested for a month and satisfactory results have been observed, which indicate that this system is very useful for the greenhouse environment monitoring, alerting and controlling various physical parameters in the field.

Cloud platforms offer computing, storage and other related resources to cloud consumers in the form of Virtual Machines (VMs), and allow VMs scaling according to the workload characteristic. Specially, with cloud computing, service providers need no longer to maintain a large number of expensive physical machines, which can significantly reduce the cost. However, it is still a challenge for service providers to purchase the optimal number of VMs from distributed clouds due to the uncertainty of the service demands and the operational cost. To address this problem, in this paper, a Cost-efficient Provisioning strategy for Multiple concurrent Services (CPMS) in distributed clouds is proposed by formulating and solving a two-stage stochastic programming model. The objective of this model is to minimize the resource cost of purchasing VMs in the first stage and maximize the expected profit in the second stage. Due to the large number of system states (scenarios) in the environment with multiple services and distributed clouds, the sample average approximation is applied to solve the proposed stochastic programming. Finally, the experiments are carried out based on real workload traces to show the attainable performance of the proposed strategy.

Care issues and costs associated with an increasing elderly population are becoming a major concern for many countries. The use of assistive robots in “smart-home” environments has been suggested as a possible partial solution to these concerns. A challenge is the personalization of the robot to meet the changing needs of the elderly person over time. One approach is to allow the elderly person, or their carers or relatives, to make the robot learn activities in the smart home and teach it to carry out behaviors in response to these activities. The overriding premise being that such teaching is both intuitive and “nontechnical.” To evaluate these issues, a commercially available autonomous robot has been deployed in a fully sensorized but otherwise ordinary suburban house. We describe the design approach to the teaching, learning, robot, and smart home systems as an integrated unit and present results from an evaluation of the teaching component with 20 participants and a preliminary evaluation of the learning component with three participants in a human–robot interaction experiment. Participants reported findings using a system usability scale and ad-hoc Likert questionnaires. Results indicated that participants
thought that this approach to robot personalization was easy to use, useful, and that they would be capable of using it in real-life situations both for themselves and for others.

This paper presents a smart home management system in which a community broker role is used for integrating community services, thereby reducing the workload of community management staff, providing
electronic information services, and deepening the community’s integration with the surrounding environment. At the home end, a home intranet was created by integrating a fixed touch panel with a home controller system and various sensors and devices to deliver, for example, energy, scenario information, and security functions. The community end comprises a community server and community personal
computers, and connects to devices (e.g., video cameras and building automation devices) in other community systems and to the home networks. Furthermore, to achieve multiple inhome displays, standard interface devices can be employed to separate the logic and user interfaces. This study also determined that the message queuing telemetry transport protocol can provide optimal home control services in smart
home systems, whereas hypertext transfer protocol is optimal for delivering location-based information integration services1.

This paper presents an automation of farm irrigation system using a wireless sensor network (WSN) and embedded Linux board. The system provides a web interface to the user so that the user can control and monitor the system remotely. In this paper, Raspberry Pi is used as an embedded Linux board which is designed based on the arm 11 microcontroller architecture. Embedded Linux board makes the communication with all distributed sensor nodes placed in the farm through ZigBee protocol and itself act as a coordinated node in the wireless sensor network. The goal of coordinator node is to collect the parameters like soil moisture and soil temperature wirelessly. Each sensor node consists of soil moisture and soil temperature sensor and one ZigBee RF antenna device for communication with the coordinator node. Raspberry Pi stores collected data in the database and analyzes the stored data. The system will work according to the algorithm developed for watering the crop. The board has an Ethernet interface and runs the simple data web server. Hence coordinator collects the data over ZigBee wireless communication protocol and allow user to monitor the data from a web browser. User can make the irrigation system ON or OFF remotely. The system will reduce the water consumption and giving uniform water to the crop results in increasing yield.

It is expected that the Internet of Things (IoT) applications for medical services can be one of the most remarkable solution for taking care of aging population which is in the rapid growth. IoT consists of communications and sensors to accomplish purpose. In the diverse kinds of networks, wireless body area network (WBAN) is a highly suitable communication tool for the medical IoT devices. There are many researches about WBAN and sensor network, which are mainly focused on energy efficiency. However, in this paper, we discuss more practical issues for implementation of WBAN to healthcare service. Therefore, we propose a multi-hop WBAN construction scheme that is consists of 4 operations, the clustered topology setup, mobility support, and transmission efficiency enhancement. As an auxiliary benefit, the proposed scheme achieves an energy efficient feature by reducing the number of total control messages. Extensive simulation shows that the proposed scheme remarkably improves the performance of WBAN.

Smart Cities are considered recently as a promising solution for providing efficient services to citizens with the use of Information and Communication Technologies. With the latest advances on the Internet of Things, a new era has emerged in the Smart City domain, opening new opportunities for the development of efficient and low-cost applications that aim to improve the Quality of Life in cities. Although there is much research in this area, which has resulted in the development of many commercial products, significant parameters like reliability, security and privacy have not been considered as very important up until now. The newly launched FP7-SmartCities-2013 project RERUM aims to build upon the advances in the area of Internet of Things in Smart Cities and develop a framework to enhance reliability and security of smart city applications, with the citizen at the center of attention. This work presents four applications that will be developed within RERUM, gives a general description of the open reliability and security issues that have to be taken into account and gives an overall view of the solutions that RERUM will develop to address these issues.

Water-quality monitoring technology has been taken a great attention in aquaculture because of increasing aquatic products and impact of food safety vicious incidents. In order to meet the technology requirements of water-quality monitoring in multi-parameter, dynamic, and networked monitoring, a water-quality dynamic monitoring system was developed to monitor multi-parameter water-quality variables such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, oxidation reduction potential dynamically, and communicate with remote information servers in a high security. As result of a two-years testing experiment in a seawater aquiculture company, relative errors of each water-quality parameter measured by the
instrument were less than 5%, data lost percentage of remote communication was less than 3%, and power energy consumption was less than 13W. Therefore, the water-quality dynamic monitoring system as a node infrastructure of wireless sensor networks can be used to achieve a distributed water-quality network monitoring system in a large-scale aquaculture farm, or to construct a distributed water-quality monitoring network system in multipoint of different cities for aquaculture farm and administration section.

The development on newer healthcare services for the elderly citizens has become an immediate necessity today. There have been distinctive health challenges focused in the society through technical innovations. Most of the elderly people today experiences loneliness and psychological depres sions, either as a result of living alone/ abandonment or due to reduced connection with their children and relatives. To enhance the quality of services in the elderly healthcare system we have developed a ubiquitous intuitive IoT-based (Internet of Things) Help to You (H2U) healthcare system to integrate various technologies of wearable devices, biosensors and wireless sensor networks in order to provide an intensive service management platform. This method would support the real time activity and monitor the healthcare system for the elderly citizens. In this method the information collected by various wearable devices in real time are stored in the central database which thereby connects people, doctors, and practitioner at the time of an emergency for the right information. This way the system could increase accessibility, efficiency, and also lower the health expenses to improve the comfort and safety as well as management of daily routines of an elderly life.

Internet of Things adoption across industries has proven to be beneficial in providing business value by transforming the way data is utilized in decision making and visualization. Power industry has for long struggled with traditional ways of operating and has suffered from issues like instability, blackouts, etc. The move towards smart grid has thus received lot of acceptance. This paper presents the Internet of Things deployment in grid, namely WAMS, and the challenges it present in terms of the Big Data it aggregates. Better insight into the problem is provided with the help of Indian Grid case studies

This paper proposes a design for home automation system using ready-to-use, cost effective and energy efficient devices including raspberry pi, arduino microcontrollers, xbee modules and relay boards. Use of these components results in overall cost effective, scalable and robust implementation of system. The commands from the user are processed at raspberry pi using python .

In order to ensure the safe supply of the drinking water the quality needs to be monitor in real time. In this paper we present a design and development of a low cost system for real time monitoring of the water quality in IOT(internet of things).the system consist of several sensors is used to measuring physical and chemical parameters of the water. The parameters such as temperature, PH, turbid.

RoboSantral, An autonomous mobile robot which has been designed and realized in order to guide the visitors through a university campus, is presented in this paper. This robot accompanies guests through the campus and gives presentations on predefined locations. Location data is obtained from GPS sensors. Targets such as faculty buildings, museums etc... are recognized by the image processing.

The ever increasing requirements for information being accessible at any time, from any place, regardless the type of remote device or planned operation, together with the need of complete control of a specific scenario or device has paved the way towards the next technological revolution: Internet of Things (IoT) and led to several major research projects. Within this paperwork the au... View more

In an interconnected world, the need to exchange information across domain's boundaries is increasingly common, the concern is rapidly moving towards defining the content that needs to be consumed by numerous and different actorsusing different platforms and/or software solutions, since the internal processes have been consolidated and optimized. The transport logistics sector is no excepti... View more

In majority of Indian Universities, advanced courses on embedded system design and its related laboratory are not available until the post-graduate level. Early exposure to embedded system design with advanced microcontroller is necessary for computer science and engineering students to face the design challenges in the today's world. This paper presents a mini project-based laboratory for l... View more

Smart Cities are considered recently as a promising solution for providing efficient services to citizens with the use of Information and Communication Technologies. With the latest advances on the Internet of Things, a new era has emerged in the Smart City domain, opening new opportunities for the development of efficient and low-cost applications that aim to improve the Quality of Life in ... View more

Home-based assistive robotic care for the elderly and disabled has long been a goal of robotics researchers. Unfortunately, no single group has solved the problem of making robots that will perform a set of tasks sufficient enough to warrant the cost to the end consumer. Numerous advances and improvements in computing, communication and related robotic technologies have been paving the way towards... View more

Many highway toll collection systems have already been developed and are widely used in India. Some of these include Manual toll collection, RF tags, Barcodes, Number plate recognition. All these systems have disadvantages that lead to some errors in the corresponding system. This paper presents a brief review of toll collection systems present in India, their advantages and disadvantages and also.

This paper presents an automation of farm irrigation system using a wireless sensor network (WSN) and embedded Linux board. The system provides a web interface to the user so that the user can control and monitor the system remotely. In this paper, Raspberry Pi is used as an embedded Linux board which is designed based on the arm 11 microcontroller architecture. Embedded Linux board ma... View more

The real-time acquisition and transmission system of agricultural drought data is researched. With the real time acquisition and analysis of agricultural droughtdata, it can effectively and accurately predict and analyze the agricultural droughtdata and provide scientific decision-making of water supply and drainage engineering. It has great significance in increasing.

This paper proposes an advanced system for process management via a credit card sized single board computer called raspberry pi based multi parameter monitoring hardware system designed using RS232 and microcontroller that measures and controls various global parameters. The system comprises of a single master and multiple slaves with wireless mode of communication and araspberry::.

In order to ensure the safe supply of the drinking water the quality needs to be monitor in real time. In this paper we present a design and development of a low cost system for real time monitoring of the water quality in IOT(internet of things).the system consist of several sensors is used to measuring physical and chemical parameters of the water. The parameters such as temperature, PH, turbidi.

Robotics in agriculture is not a new concept; in controlled environments (green houses), it has a history of over 20 years. Research has been performed to develop harvesters for cherry tomatoes, cucumbers, mushrooms, and other fruits. In horticulture, robots have been introduced to harvest citrus and apples. In this paper autonomous robot for agriculture (AgriBot) is a prototype.

Data Centers (DC) used to support Cloud services often consist of tens of thousands of networked machines under a single roof. The significant capital outlay required to replicate such infrastructures constitutes a major obstacle to practical implementation and evaluation of research in this domain. Currently, most research into Cloud computing relies on either limited software simulation, or the use of a testbed environments with a handful of machines. The recent introduction of the Raspberry Pi, a low-cost, low-power single-board computer, has made the construction of a miniature Cloud DCs more affordable. In this paper, we present the Glasgow Raspberry Pi Cloud (PiCloud), a scale model of a DC composed of clusters of Raspberry Pi devices. The PiCloud emulates every layer of a Cloud stack, ranging from resource virtualisation to network behaviour, providing a full-featured Cloud Computing research and educational environment.

With the fast development of network infrastructure, connecting to the Internet at any time and any place has been made easy and possible. On the other hand, as our world is suffering energy crisis on oil and natural resources shortages, how to make efficient use of limited power energy has remained a major problem to be conquered so far. Aimed to facilitate the life of human being as well as to use the limited power energy more efficiently, we propose in this paper a technology that can perform remote control and monitoring of electrical appliances on the Internet. To do this, an intelligent power socket (IPS) module that is able to control and monitoring the power of electricity is realized in this research.

Together with technological developments related to the specific area, the scope of remote data acquisition systems has become widened. The usages of these kinds of systems prevent waste of time and labor. Therefore, in this work, the introduction and design of a data acquisition system that can sense and send the output of Superconducting Quantum Interface Devices (SQUID) to main lab via wireless with GPRS is aimed to be provided. system of this design uses ADC and MCU together within the processes of collecting, packing and sending data. In this system NXP LPC2129/48 as a MCU. The main purpose of ADC is collecting analog data and packing them in order help of MCU. On the other hand, the main purpose of MCU is to send packed data through the GPRS. Data collecting will actualized through the remote data acquisition systems based on GPRS.

Surveillance system is commonly established by using CCTV to collect image and video information in real time in distance. However, CCTV is high cost solution and hard to construct environments to every district, so we present low-cost solution with light sensor. Recently in, light strength in the city can contribute to reduce crime. In darkness, improved lighting deters potential offenders by increasing the risk that they will be seen or recognized when committing crimes. In case of daylight, better lighting leads to a greater willingness to intervene in crime and to report it. This survey supports an idea that bright place is more secure than dark place. With this insight, we developed a novel surveillance method which installs light sensor to each destination and then report light luminance to passengers or government officers. As a passenger, they can avoid insecure district or way and, as officers, they can plan to install new street-lights in the insecure locations to improve security. We designed our model and tested under simple environments, but this can be applied or extended to real world applications without difficulties.

Internet-of-Things (IoT) is the convergence of Internet with RFID, Sensor and smart objects. IoT can be defined as “things belonging to the Internet” to supply and access all of real-world information. Billions of devices are expected to be associated into the system and that shall require huge distribution of networks as well as the process of transforming raw data into meaningful inferences. IoT is the biggest promise of the technology today, but still lacking a novel mechanism, which can be perceived through the lenses of Internet, things and semantic vision. This paper presents a novel architecture model for IoT with the help of Semantic Fusion Model (SFM). This architecture introduces the use of Smart Semantic framework to encapsulate the processed information from sensor networks. The smart embedded system is having semantic logic and semantic value based Information to make the system an intelligent system. This paper presents a discussion on Internet oriented applications, services, visual aspect and challenges for Internet of things using RFID, 6lowpan and sensor networks.

Together with technological developments related to the specific area, the scope of remote data acquisition systems has become widened. The usages of these kinds of systems prevent waste of time and labor. Therefore, in this work, the introduction and design of a data acquisition system that can sense and send the output of Superconducting Quantum Interface Devices (SQUID) to main lab via wireless with GPRSis aimed to be provided. The system of this design uses FPGA and MCU together within the processes of collecting, packing and sending data. In this design, XILINX Spartan 3AN is used as a FPGA, ST Microelectronics ARM Cortex-M4 used as a MCU. The main purpose of FPGA is collecting analog data with using ADC and packing them in order. On the other hand, the main purpose of MCU is to send packed data through the GPRS. The processing load of MCU is decreased by using FSMC (Flexible static memory controller) of it while getting data from FPGA; also with parallel connection data transfer rate is increased. Also by using FSMC, first time 200Hz data collecting will actualized through the remote data acquisition systems based on GPRS.View full abstract»

Traditionally, the vehicle has been the extension of the man's ambulatory system, docile to the driver's commands. Recent advances in communications, controls and embeddedsystems have changed this model, paving the way to the Intelligent Vehicle Grid. The car is now a formidable sensor platform, absorbing information from the environment (and from other cars) and feeding it to drivers and infrastructure to assist in safe navigation, pollution control and traffic management. The next step in this evolution is just around the corner: the Internet of Autonomous Vehicles. Pioneered by the Google car, the Internet of Vehicles will be a distributed transport fabric capable to make its own decisions about driving customers to their destinations. Like other important instantiations of the Internet of Things (e.g., the smart building), the Internet of Vehicles will have communications, storage, intelligence, and learning capabilities to anticipate the customers' intentions. The concept that will help transition to the Internet of Vehicles is the Vehicular Cloud, the equivalent of Internet cloud for vehicles, providing all the services required by the autonomous vehicles. In this article, we discuss the evolution from Intelligent Vehicle Grid to Autonomous, Internet-connected Vehicles, and Vehicular Cloud.View full abstract»

This paper describes a system for wind speed measurement and alert. It is used at the portals of tunnel Sozina, 4189m length, en route Podgorica-Bar with primary function is to increase traffic safety in the tunnel. The system provides information for other tunnel systems, such as fire protection, traffic signaling, etc. It consists of anemometers, microcontroller based data acquisition modules and a central PC. The system can collect other types of data and be easily adapted for other purposes.

Today, in the era of Internet of Things, an enormous amount of research is going on in the direction of probing into vehicle's engine control units for collecting kinematic and diagnostic information, analyzing and integrating them with software platforms and providing valuable services to drivers and passengers. This is largely facilitated by the car's several sensors forming an in-vehicle network.

This paper describes bio-monitoring system comprised of progressive electronic bio-sensing units and electrodes based on flexible conductive materials. Bio-monitoring system is used for long-term acquisition of physiological parameters such as ECG signal and breathing of monitored person during daily activities. In the article, the electronic and mechanical design of the system is described. The system comprises 17 electrodes, which are made of intelligent conductive fabrics and are inwrought into a shirt. Signal acquisition is ensured by smart electronic unit, which also stores measured data in the memory and/or transfers it for further analysis to PC or smartphone/tablet. This system is intended for a sports diagnostics and telemedicine monitoring of patients in home care or after medical procedure in hospital care.

Today, the broad proliferation of Smartphones and Tablets has determined a wide availability of software applications for numerous purposes. Thanks to this, Smartphones are now essential devices for many aspects of everyday life and not just advanced mobile phone terminals. The presence of powerful processing units, embedded sensors as well as the availability of many standard communication interfaces has recently attracted the interest of the scientific community. Several projects based on Smartphone systems have been proposed in different fields and many more application scenarios are being explored. A critical aspect still unresolved is the possibility of acquiring external information, such as data from other sensors. Due to their nature of consumer devices, Smartphones provide digital and high level communication interfaces, such as USB and Bluetooth. Sensor interface is therefore possible if a suitable front-end able to digitize sensor data and to handle the communication with the Smartphone is employed. In order to lower the complexity and the cost of the front-end as well as to reduce its power consumption, an effective method for the acquisition of external sensor signals through the Smartphone audio input is proposed in this paper. As a proof of concept, a sensor system composed by a photoplethysmographic sensor for cardiac signal monitoring and a pair of electrodes for tissue impedance estimation has been used. Specific software routines for Android operating system have been developed to process the acquired sensor signals providing visualization, data storage and simple data analysis, and thus demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach.

Pollution in water deposits is a great health issue. Portable devices installed in water deposits to form a real time, pollution monitoring system would be of great help. Research has demonstrated the use of dielectrophoresis (DEP) where particle manipulation is required. A portable, programmable device for manipulating pollutant particles has been developed, so data or images of samples can be analyzed, transmitted and stored. The system has a signal generator for electrical stimulation, a microfluidic device, a particle detection sub-system, and a data transmitter. It can be programmed to manipulate a specific type of particles and transmit resulting data or image. A portable prototype is achieved, which can be installed in any water deposit and programmed to perform regular fluid samples and analysis, to maintain a web-based, real time data center.

The proportion of air pollution which is caused by the cars is increasing. In order to solve this serious problem, many countries and regions have already presented a series of emissions standards, meanwhile some methods has been developed, include update motor engine or improve the quality of the gasoline. However, these actions have not brought about a striking effect as we expect. There are also some situations to fail implement these emissions standards. In this paper, a wireless inspection and notification system (WINS) through the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed. By applying the system, it is possible to smoothly realize a green traffic network. In this system, Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology as a low-cost and mature wireless communication method is adopted to collect and transmit emissions information of vehicles. Moreover, The RFID devices need to be installed on the traffic lights so that reliable reading of emissions signals from a vehicle can be interrogated when the vehicles stop in front of the red light. Taken into consideration the real environment, an efficient and innovative maximum spanning tree algorithm (MXAST) is also presented to select suitable traffic lights aim to reduce the number of RFID devices (more economy) and guaranteed the whole urban cars can be monitored (simple & safety).

This paper presents a technique to improve anti-theft for android based mobile phones by using different services like MMS instead of SMS. As the use of smartphones, tablets, phablets based on android operating system is increasing, many scenarios related with anti-theft have already been proposed and many software based on anti-theft have also been developed, but most of these software are not freely available and it's difficult to identify the thief by using these software's e.g. GPS Tracking. We put forward a new scheme, which enhances the present scenario, based on newtechnologies like Multimedia Messages. The scenario proposed in this work is totally dependent on the hardware of your smartphone like camera (front & back) and support for multimedia messages. Once this software is installed, it will work in the background, stores the current SIM number in a variable and keeps checking continuously for SIM change, whenever SIM gets changed from mobile, it will take snapshots and record a video in the background i.e., without taking user permission and then it will send an MMS, and number of snap shots, to an alternate mobile number and an email id, which was provided during installation. The enviable advantage of this software is that it is very easy to configure and it keeps running in the background without interrupting the user. To some extent it helps the owner to identify the thief.

Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been widely recognized as a promising technology in latest development in green buildings communications. Localization is one of the fundamental issues in wireless sensor networks. The accuracy of estimated positions can be significantly helpful to use in an intelligent e-applications. In this paper, we propose a fast and efficient localization scheme based on RSSI model for wireless sensor networks. The node locations are computed by performing simple geometric calculations that rely on the broadcasting information from a mobile beacon equipped with GPS. Simulation results show the node positions can be determined accurately and our proposed scheme outperforms previous well known localization schemes.

Smart cities play an increasingly important role for the sustainable economic development of a determined area. Smart cities are considered a key element for generating wealth, knowledge and diversity, both economically and socially. A Smart City is the engine to reach the sustainability of its infrastructure and facilitate the sustainable development of its industry, buildings and citizens. The first goal to reach that sustainability is reduce the energy consumption and the levels of greenhouse gases (GHG). For that purpose, it is required scalability, extensibility and integration of new resources in order to reach a higher awareness about the energy consumption, distribution and generation, which allows a suitable modeling which can enable new countermeasure and action plans to mitigate the current excessive power consumption effects. Smart Cities should offer efficient support for global communications and access to the services and information. It is required to enable a homogenous and seamless machine to machine (M2M) communication in the different solutions and use cases. This work presents how to reach an interoperable Smart Lighting solution over the emerging M2M protocols such as CoAP built over REST architecture. This follows up the guidelines defined by the IP for Smart Objects Alliance (IPSO Alliance) in order to implement and interoperable semantic level for the street lighting, and describes the integration of the communications and logic over the existing street lighting infrastructure.

This paper describes a Smart Grid architecture implemented with the help of Web of Things. Web of Things comprise of a set of Web services provided on top of a number of Internet enabled Embedded devices. The Web browser on any computer can act as an interface to the services provided by these Web of Things. The Embedded devices are ARMCortex M3 Processor based devices with Ethernet capabilities. CMSIS Real Time Operating System is used for process control on each of these embedded devices. LwIP Protocol Stack is implemented on top of each of these devices so that IP connectivity can be established. The Web interfaces provide us real time information on each of the energy meters that are installed on site and communicate to the Embedded Internet devices using MODBUS communication protocol. Real Time energy source scheduling, energy source selection, power connection and disconnection are some of the services that are provided to an on-line authenticated user. The Embedded Systems lab Infrastructure at the TIFAC CORE for 3G/4G Communication at National Institute of Science and Technology was used for the hardware testing of the embedded modules. We were greatly helped by the Software developers at NIST Technology Consultancy Services in designing the web applications and interfaces for our Web of Things architecture.

Aiming at the development of solar light monitoring system in China, and combining Zigbee and GPRS technology, a monitoring system for solar light has been designed and realized in this paper. The system is mainly composed of four parts: road lamp control unit, ZigBee module, GPRSmodule, and monitoring and managing software. The street light unit is applied to collect state information, ZigBee module to realize wireless assembling and gather state information to the central node, GPRSmodule to transmit remote state information to the monitoring and managing computer. The monitoring and managing software provides man-machine management interface finally. Due to its advantages of low cost, high efficiency and intellectualization, the system will be put into use this year as soon as possible.

Accurate and reliable agricultural information is the basis of the implementation of digital agriculture. Currently, the processing of agricultural information collection and dataacquisition is more complex. It urgently needs to develop a portable agricultural information collection system with high degree integration and a wide range of versatility. It can process information in "one-stop" service. It can capture the GPS coordinates of the farmland, the agricultural attributedata, image information, and sent to the monitoring system immediately using 3G network or GPRS network. In this paper, The system supports android and IOS system mobile phones, the Widgets technology and http communicationis technology is be used to develop a real-time agricultural information collection system, which is based on cross-platform mobile GIS.

Smartphone apps with self-monitoring and sensing capabilities can help in disease prevention; however, such context-aware applications are difficult to develop, due to the complexities of sensor data acquisition, context modeling, and data management. To ease the development of mHealth and Telemedicine apps, we developed the Mobile Sensing Framework (MSF), which dynamically installs device appropriate context sensing plug-ins that provide a wealth of information about users' mental and physical states. The MSF automatically collects information about incoming/outgoing/missed calls; apps usage; sound pressure levels; light sensor values; movement data (e.g., step count); location; heart rate; etc. The MSF also includes a searchable object-based persistence layer, which is capable of rapidly serializing and de-serializing detected context data. Collected data are stored securely in the phone's database, where they can be retrieved by applications for local analysis, remote monitoring, and alert generation. We developed a fully operational prototype of the MSF platform that was validated using several Android-based devices. This paper presents an overview of our approach along with a description of the experiments conducted using the MSF prototype.

According to the business characteristics and functional requirements of the smart grid information and communications technology platform, in this paper, we proposed layered architecture of Internet of Things for smart grid and four links of things of transmission of electricity, substation of electricity, distribution of electricity and usage of electricity, and compared it with the traditional electric power communication networks. As one of the most important part of the end of the Internet of Things, wireless sensor networks play an important role in the Internet ofThings applications for smart grid. We put forward sensor networks application solution for the production processes of the smart grid. Meanwhile, at the base of interactive demand analysis, Internet of Things solution for smart usage of electricity was proposed.

Efficient scheduling and coordination algorithms controlling Electric Vehicle (EV) charging operations can potentially lead to energy consumption reduction and/or load balancing, in conjunction with different electricity pricing methods used in smart grid programs. In order to easily implement different algorithms and evaluate and compare their efficiency against other ideas, a flexible simulation framework is proposed. This simulation framework focuses on demand-side residential energy consumption coordination in response to different pricing methods. It is equipped with an appliance consumption library using realistic values to closely represent the average usage of different types of appliances including EVs. In this paper, a prototype program is developed and used to analyze EV charging and coordination algorithm impacts. The simulation run from the program gives a complete picture of the households' power consumption profile. Some results, analysis, and implications are presented in this paper demonstrating how the proposed tool can be used to study the impact of policy decisions.

In many application fields such as home, industry, environment and health, different Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications have been developed to solve management problems with smart implementations. This approach can be applied in the filed of solid waste management. In this paper a new architecture is proposed with the aim to improve the on-site handling and transfer optimization in the waste management process. The system architecture is based on sensor nodes and makes use of Data Transfer Nodes (DTN) in order to provide to a remote server the retrieved data measurements from the garbagebins filling. A remote monitoring solution has been implemented, providing user the possibility to interact with the system by using a web browser. Several activities with the aim to provide a Decision Support System (DSS) able to find solutions for resources organization problems linked to solid waste management have been started.